Environment Alter as Well as Exactly How It Might Impact Upon Bangladesh Woodland

Expanding salinity threatens Sundarban.

Decreasing  flow  of  water  through  the  rivers  from upstream  is  destroying  the  ecosystem  of  Sundarban. Experts  from  home  and  abroad  observed  that  alarming decrease  in  water  flow  down  the  rivers  caused  high salinity  in  both  water  and  soil  of  Sundarban,  causing  a massive  change  in  fauna  composition  of  the  forest. Sundarban,  which  lies  across  the  outer  deltas  of  the Ganges,  Brahmaputra  and Meghna rivers, is  the largest mangrove  forest  in  the  world.  The  number  of  timber producing big trees such as Sundari is decreasing at the proportionate  rate  at  the  increase  of  salinity,  Abstract from  a  paper  on  Biodiversity  and  its  Conservation  in Sundarban Mangrove Ecosystem by Indian scholars Brij Science journal also revealed the same result  (New  Age ,  2011).  The latest  report  of  World  Conservation Monitoring warned that a long-term ecological change is taking place in Sundarban due to the eastward migration of the Ganges, abandonment of some distributaries and past  diversion  of  water  and  withdrawals  for  irrigation (New Age, 2011).

Moving (Jhum) Farming

Moving farming complements simple financial systems as well as remote social towns. Shifting cultivation is characterized by a rotation of fields rather than by crops, accompanied by slashing and burning (Kerkhoff and Sharma, 2006). There was secure situations regarding built-in terrain utilize, and also excellent agro forestry. However, with a developing market economy and the inevitable population pressure on land, the once elegant system of shifting cultivation collapsed into degradation and retrogression,  influenced by factors both internal and external to the system. About 60,000 families engaged in shifting cultivation covering an area of about 85,000 ha of the hill forests reserves. The actual degree associated with dirt deficits because of moving farming within the hilly places is actually proven within (Farid et al., 1992).

Location	Predominant Slope	Soil Loss
Khagrachari	60% area under 60% slope	10.10 - 67.00
Manikchari	46% area under 40% slope	12.00 – 120.00
Ramgarh	48% area under 40% slope	7.00 – 27.00
Rangamati	53% area under 40% slope	26.00 – 68.00
Raikhali	49% area under 40% slope	13.00 – 27.00
Bandarban	58% area under 60% slope	8.00 – 107.00
Teknaf	56% area under 20% slope	-

Following 5-7 many years associated with farming, through this process, these types of countries completely break down for a nearly permanent condition. Rubber plantations on more than 70% of the slopes of Sylhet and Chittagong hills leads to severe landslides during heavy monsoon periods. Clearing of forestland for settlements and unscientific land management for agricultural use accelerate erosion of the topsoil through extensive surface runoff caused by heavy monsoon rain. In addition, the infertile heavily compacted clay is exposed to the surface as a result of topsoil removal.

Property Exchanges in order to Additional Utilizes

Land transfers have taken place where forested land got diverted for purposes of human settlement, development of industry, fishery, transport and communications, irrigation, energy and power, mining, tourism, educational institutions and defense. This scope connected with like coach transfers seemed to be in relation to 61, 000 '.

Brick Fields

Brick fields in the vicinity of forests have been identified as one of the notorious causes of deforestation. Brick field owners who are the elite sand patrons within existing power structures, have good liaison with political and government officials. These people set up nearby musclemen that start landless, work starving individuals to illicitly crop woodland assets. Brick fields in the vicinity of forests have caused not only deforestation but also environmental degradation of the biological production systems. Farmers of many areas reported that their fruit production in the areas had declined because of smoke originating from the brick fields. Moreover, 50% of the energy used for firing bricks comes from woody biomass.

Inappropriate Managing Techniques

In order to meet the increasing demand for forest products, in the 1980, the Forest Department adopted a forest management called clear felling followed by artificial regeneration, which later on proved to be very detrimental to sustainable tropical rain forest management. Following this system, the forest was cleared by slop and burning all vegetation, and replanted with only one or two commercially important species. As a consequence, the rich biodiversity of the tropical rain forest ecosystem was destroyed as well as its soils exposed to erosion through torrential rains during the monsoon season. A opening with reforested land as well attracted lots of people so that you can encroach a plan acreage. A new working plan format has been devised in order to incorporate available information in the future management plans.

Latest Development inside Supervision Procedures

Inventories were carried out of all major forest formations in the country except the forests in Chittagong Hill Tracts (NFA, 2007). This has provided the necessary database for using quantitative information for preparing more comprehensive management plans for different forests.

Total Forest Land and Forest Area Managed by Forest Department of Bangladesh:

Category of Forests	Area	Percentage
Forest Department managed forests	1.53	10.54
Unclassed state forests	0.73	5.07
Village forests	0.27	1.88
Total	2.53	17.49

 

Category of Forests	Area	Percentage
Hill forests	0.67	4.65
Natural mangrove forests	0.60	4.09
Mangrove plantations	0.14	0.97
Plain land Sal forests	0.12	0.83
Total	1.53	10.54

Government starts to operate in the very limited size areas of forest. At the time of the government's activities in the forests of greater demand now. A great twelve-monthly program regarding functioning is included within the supervision program. There is huge potential for tree planting, forest protection and agro forestry in Bangladesh to mitigate climate change. The Church of Bangladesh Social Development Program has been distributing over 20,000 fruit, medicinal and timber trees to poor households per year in Meherpur District which will mitigate against global warming by absorbing carbon dioxide, but also improve nutrition, health and income respectively.  Also timber useful for hardwood is wonderful for the particular carbon dioxide will be kept inside properties, and also timber gas minimizes the usage of garden greenhouse fuel emitting fossil powers, although unwanted gas coming from timber gas are usually reabsorbed simply by fresh baby plants selected and planted. This is basically a detailed plan of operations within the forest division and is prepared by the Divisional Forest Officer. In recent years, there has been a substantial shift in emphasis in forestry and forest management from maximizing yield towards maximizing sustainability through increased participation of local population, conserving biodiversity and maintaining forest services (www.bforests.gov.bd). Present management systems have evolved from the past ones through various modifications in order to incorporate present objectives into forest management.

Finally, Many more adaptation techniques than those listed here need to be either transferred from other parts of the world or developed in the country, and then trialed in Bangladesh.  There is also a need for organisations to disseminate their ideas and experiences among likeminded NGOs in Bangladesh. Furthermore continued research is necessary to determine more accurately future and present effects of climate change on Bangladesh. It is hoped that this paper will assist Bangladeshi and international organisations to achieve some of these aims.